Column of Armenian deportees guarded by gendarmes in Harput vilayet
| | Gendarmerie - WikipediaThe word gendarme is a singular extracted from Old French gens d'armes (.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-... |
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| | Mamuret-ul-Aziz vilayet - WikipediaThe Vilayet of Mamuret-ul-Aziz,[dn 1] also referred to as Harput Vilayet (Armenian: Խարբերդի վիլայեթ Kharberdi V... |
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The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily through the mass murder of around one million Armenians during death marches to the Syrian Desert and the forced Islamization of others, primarily women and children.
| | Ottoman Empire - WikipediaThe Ottoman Empire,[j] historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire,[22] was an empire[k] that cont... |
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| | World War I - Wikipediaand others ... |
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| | Armenians in the Ottoman Empire - WikipediaArmenians were a significant ethnic population in the Ottoman Empire. They mostly belonged to either the Armenia... |
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| Forced conversion - WikipediaIn general, anthropologists have shown that the relationship between religion and politics is complex, especiall... |
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| | Committee of Union and Progress - WikipediaBeginning as a liberal reform movement, the organization was persecuted by Sultan Abdul Hamid II's autocratic go... |
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| | Syrian Desert - WikipediaThe desert is bounded by the Orontes Valley and the volcanic field of Harrat al-Shamah to the west, and by the E... |
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Before World War I, Armenians occupied a somewhat protected, but subordinate, place in Ottoman society. Large-scale massacres of Armenians had occurred in the 1890s and 1909. The Ottoman Empire suffered a series of military defeats and territorial losses—especially during the 1912–1913 Balkan Wars—leading to fear among CUP leaders that the Armenians would seek independence. During their invasion of Russian and Persian territory in 1914, Ottoman paramilitaries massacred local Armenians. Ottoman leaders took isolated instances of Armenian resistance as evidence of a widespread rebellion, though no such rebellion existed. Mass deportation was intended to permanently forestall the possibility of Armenian autonomy or independence. | | Adana massacre - WikipediaOttoman and Armenian revolutionary groups had cooperated to secure the deposition of Sultan Abdul Hamid II and t... |
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On 24 April 1915, the Ottoman authorities arrested and deported hundreds of Armenian intellectuals and leaders from Constantinople. At the orders of Talaat Pasha, an estimated 800,000 to 1.2 million Armenians were sent on death marches to the Syrian Desert in 1915 and 1916. Driven forward by paramilitary escorts, the deportees were deprived of food and water and subjected to robbery, rape, and massacres. In the Syrian Desert, the survivors were dispersed into concentration camps. In 1916, another wave of massacres was ordered, leaving about 200,000 deportees alive by the end of the year. Around 100,000 to 200,000 Armenian women and children were forcibly converted to Islam and integrated into Muslim households. Massacres and ethnic cleansing of Armenian survivors continued through the Turkish War of Independence after World War I, carried out by Turkish nationalists.
| | Istanbul - WikipediaIstanbul[b] (Turkish: İstanbul)[c] is the largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, cultural an... |
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| | Deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915 - WikipediaThe deportation of Armenian intellectuals is conventionally held to mark the beginning of the Armenian genocide.... |
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| | Ethnic cleansing - WikipediaEthnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial, or religious groups from a given area, with... |
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| | Armenian genocide recognition - WikipediaArmenian genocide recognition is the formal acceptance that the systematic massacres and forced deportation of A... |
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| | Turkish people - WikipediaTurkish people or Turks (Turkish: Türkler) are the largest Turkic people who speak various dialects of the Turki... |
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