E.U. CAVE FISH “EVOLVED SUPER-FAST”, according to articles in New
Scientist, Science (AAAS) News and ScienceDaily 3 April 2017 and Current
Biology:
Scientists and cave explorers in
Germany have found the first known European cave fish – small fish belonging to
the genus Barbatula, also known as stone loaches, in the Danube–Aach
underground karst waterway system. The fish are smaller than surface dwelling
loaches, and have features typically found in other cave fish: pale skin lacking
pigment and scales, and small eyes. They have larger nostrils and longer
whisker-like barbels on the front of their heads than surface fish. These
features are all considered to be adaptations for living in the dark. Until the
fish was discovered two years ago it had been assumed that fish had been unable
to colonise European cave systems because they were blocked by Ice Age glaciers.
Jasminca Behrmann-Godel of University of Konstanz, Germany explained: “The cave
fish was found surprisingly far in the north, in Southern Germany. This is
spectacular as it was believed before that the Pleistocene glaciations had
prevented fish from colonizing subterranean habitats so far north”. According to
Arne Nolte from the University of Oldenburg, “It was only when the glaciers
retreated that the system first became a suitable habitat for fish”. The
researchers also reported the fish are “genetically isolated from populations in
surface habitats and exhibit reduced genetic variability”. The scientists were
surprised at how short a time it took these cave fish to evolve. Jasminca
Behrmann-Godel commented: “Our first genetic studies, plus knowledge of the
geological history of the region, suggest the cave loach population is amazingly
young, certainly not older than 20,000 years”. Roi Holzman of Tel Aviv
University, Israel, who studies cave fish, commented that knowing the speed of
evolution for this fish “opens a window to see evolution in its relatively early
stages, which is not common”.
Links: New
Scientist, Science,
ScienceDaily
ED.
COM. Cave fish are commonly used as evidence for evolution, but loss of skin
pigment, scales, eye structure and genetic variability are change but they are
definitely not evolution, regardless of how fast they may have occurred. The
lack of genetic variability in cave fish certainly indicates they are the
descendants of a few fish that found their way into the cave system and became
isolated from their surface dwelling cousins in the rivers, so henceforth they
could only breed with one another. As with all inbred populations, any genetic
mutations are reinforced in each succeeding generation, and they accumulate
rapidly in the descendants. Stone loaches are not long lived fish, only 3-5
years, and females spawn thousands of eggs each year. Therefore, it does not
take a long time for mutations to accumulate if the cave fish have been breeding
at the same rate. The fact that they are still alive, even if in a reduced
state, is a good indicator they have not been there for 20,000 years. The larger
barbels and nostril sizes are not evolution either. Surface dwelling loaches
have barbels and use them to forage for food on river bottoms. In a dark
environment the fish would be more reliant on using the barbels and their sense
of smell to find food, and fish with larger barbels and nostrils would be more
likely to survive in a cave environment, and live to reproduce and pass on genes
for these traits. This is definitely natural selection at work, but it is not,
repeat not, evolution - Darwinian, Dawkinsian, or any sort of evolution. The
difference between a surface dwelling loach and a cave dwelling loach is best
summarised as a loss of features (pigment, scales), plus degeneration (eyes)
with selection of already existing variations (barbels and nostrils). These are
real changes but none are evolution, and all can happen in way less than 4,000
years. Creation Research.
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